Ahlander, Johan and Mansoor Yosufzai. July 13, 2017. “Sweden intensifies crackdown on illegal immigrants.” Reuters. Albano, Alessandro, Veronica Corsini and Andrea Gereöffy. 2015. “Demographic statistics: A review of definitions and methods of collection in 44 European countries.” Annunziata, Marco. April 14, 2018. “Twenty years and nothing to show for it: Italy’s broken economic model.” Forbes. […]

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This report was written by Phillip Connor, Senior Researcher, and Jeffrey S. Passel, Senior Demographer. Editorial guidance was provided by Mark Hugo Lopez, Director of Global Migration and Demography Research; Neil G. Ruiz, Associate Director of Global Migration and Demography Research; James Bell, Vice President of Global Strategy; D’Vera Cohn, Senior Writer and Editor; and […]

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Unauthorized immigrants residing in Europe in 2017 were from a diverse set of origin countries, had lived in Europe for a relatively short period of time and were relatively young. More than half were male. Our estimates of characteristics of unauthorized immigrants in Europe do not cover the entire population because of data limitations, but […]

The post 2. The origins, time in country and demographics of unauthorized immigrants in Europe appeared first on Pew Research Center.

While each of the 32 nations in the EU and EFTA had some unauthorized immigrants in 2017, the largest numbers were in Germany and the United Kingdom, amounting to about half of Europe’s total. Substantial shares also lived in Italy and France. Together, these four countries were home to more than two-thirds (70%) of Europe’s […]

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The post Appendix B: Unauthorized immigrant population trends with waiting asylum seekers, by country appeared first on Pew Research Center.

WASHINGTON, D.C. (Nov. 13, 2019) – At least 3.9 million unauthorized immigrants – and possibly as many as 4.8 million – lived in Europe in 2017, according to new Pew Research Center estimates. These totals are up from Center estimates for 2014, when between 3.0 million and 3.7 million unauthorized migrants resided in European nations, […]

The post Summary of findings: Europe’s Unauthorized Immigrant Population Peaks in 2016, Then Levels Off appeared first on Pew Research Center.

There are plenty of conflicting stereotypes about Millennials: Are we the laziest generation or the hardest working? The most entitled or the most open-handed? The least religious or the most devout in new, misunderstood ways? The most connected or the least connected?

When we started The Connected Generation, we referred to it internally as “the global Millennials study.” It was presented to me as an opportunity to understand, test and, as needed, affirm or reject the messages we so often hear about the Millennial generation—my generation. This was one of my first projects since completing grad school and joining Barna Group, and I did not take this opportunity lightly. Working alongside our research partners at World Vision, under the guidance of David Kinnaman and with the greatest coworkers I could imagine, I was privileged to be the lead researcher and help create a first-of-its-kind study that would well represent this closely observed yet still misunderstood collection of young adults: The Connected Generation.

To be successful in this study, the first thing I had to do was push past preconceptions about the Millennial mindset and definition. As an Australian church leader reminded us during the early weeks of our work, the term “Millennial” has a lot of American connotations too often projected onto other nations. Similarly, given my background in sociology, I have always thought of my Millennial status as a bit of a dual personality. Which of my interests and qualities are innately mine, and which are products or projections of society? Is my daily, diagnosed battle with functional depression unique to me, or is it connected to the time and place in which I have been raised (or, perhaps, is it both)?

My job sometimes involves using data to separate stereotypes from truth, and being a Millennial sometimes feels like living in between the two. For me personally, it means fighting for what I love (OK, even if that includes vinyl records and avocado toast) just as much as it means rejecting the assumptions of laziness, self-righteousness and entitlement placed upon me by other generations. It means finding comfort in the fact that nearly a quarter of 18-to-35-year-olds around the world told us that they often feel “lonely and isolated from others,” reassuring me that I am not alone in my own struggles.

After 15,000+ online interviews across 25 countries in 9 languages, our team dug deeper into the truths about Millennials and their friends in the leading edge of Gen Z (specifically, adults ages 18 to 35). We produced a printed study of our key findings, debuted the research through a live webcast and crafted country reports that offer an opportunity for us to share a story of hope with church leaders around the world. It’s because of the latter that, in October of 2019—almost a year after the study’s conception—I presented findings from The Connected Generation to a group of just over 100 church leaders in Singapore. While the gathering in Singapore seemed small, it was incredibly symbolic and a reminder of the variety of experiences we had fought to capture through our research. I started my presentation by reminding attendees that while I may be the expert of this international study, they are the experts on faith leadership and young adults in their country. The church leaders attended not because someone from Barna Group traveled across the world to speak with them, but rather because someone had robust, representative data about young adults in their nation. No projections or stereotypes.

All of these experiences—conducting the research, being on the publication team, speaking on a panel for our Faith for the Future webcast, producing regional reports and traveling to Asia—have greatly impacted my view of Millennials. The Connected Generation has been an incredible opportunity to learn about not just the effects of global hyper-connectivity, but also the beautiful, diverse expressions of Christians around the world, within a single generation. Just as I charge this research to re-invent the generational narrative, I also have a healthier understanding of where I stand within it. Just as I reject some of the assumptions about my age group, I also now confidently embrace the story of a passionate, hopeful and resilient generation.

The post Barna Takes: Using Research to Counter Millennial Stereotypes appeared first on Barna Group.

There are plenty of conflicting stereotypes about Millennials: Are we the laziest generation or the hardest working? The most entitled or the most open-handed? The least religious or the most devout in new, misunderstood ways? The most connected or the least connected?

When we started The Connected Generation, we referred to it internally as “the global Millennials study.” It was presented to me as an opportunity to understand, test and, as needed, affirm or reject the messages we so often hear about the Millennial generation—my generation. This was one of my first projects since completing grad school and joining Barna Group, and I did not take this opportunity lightly. Working alongside our research partners at World Vision, under the guidance of David Kinnaman and with the greatest coworkers I could imagine, I was privileged to be the lead researcher and help create a first-of-its-kind study that would well represent this closely observed yet still misunderstood collection of young adults: The Connected Generation.

To be successful in this study, the first thing I had to do was push past preconceptions about the Millennial mindset and definition. As an Australian church leader reminded us during the early weeks of our work, the term “Millennial” has a lot of American connotations too often projected onto other nations. Similarly, given my background in sociology, I have always thought of my Millennial status as a bit of a dual personality. Which of my interests and qualities are innately mine, and which are products or projections of society? Is my daily, diagnosed battle with functional depression unique to me, or is it connected to the time and place in which I have been raised (or, perhaps, is it both)?

My job sometimes involves using data to separate stereotypes from truth, and being a Millennial sometimes feels like living in between the two. For me personally, it means fighting for what I love (OK, even if that includes vinyl records and avocado toast) just as much as it means rejecting the assumptions of laziness, self-righteousness and entitlement placed upon me by other generations. It means finding comfort in the fact that nearly a quarter of 18-to-35-year-olds around the world told us that they often feel “lonely and isolated from others,” reassuring me that I am not alone in my own struggles.

After 15,000+ online interviews across 25 countries in 9 languages, our team dug deeper into the truths about Millennials and their friends in the leading edge of Gen Z (specifically, adults ages 18 to 35). We produced a printed study of our key findings, debuted the research through a live webcast and crafted country reports that offer an opportunity for us to share a story of hope with church leaders around the world. It’s because of the latter that, in October of 2019—almost a year after the study’s conception—I presented findings from The Connected Generation to a group of just over 100 church leaders in Singapore. While the gathering in Singapore seemed small, it was incredibly symbolic and a reminder of the variety of experiences we had fought to capture through our research. I started my presentation by reminding attendees that while I may be the expert of this international study, they are the experts on faith leadership and young adults in their country. The church leaders attended not because someone from Barna Group traveled across the world to speak with them, but rather because someone had robust, representative data about young adults in their nation. No projections or stereotypes.

All of these experiences—conducting the research, being on the publication team, speaking on a panel for our Faith for the Future webcast, producing regional reports and traveling to Asia—have greatly impacted my view of Millennials. The Connected Generation has been an incredible opportunity to learn about not just the effects of global hyper-connectivity, but also the beautiful, diverse expressions of Christians around the world, within a single generation. Just as I charge this research to re-invent the generational narrative, I also have a healthier understanding of where I stand within it. Just as I reject some of the assumptions about my age group, I also now confidently embrace the story of a passionate, hopeful and resilient generation.

The post Barna Takes: Using Research to Counter Millennial Stereotypes appeared first on Barna Group.

As more U.S. adults are delaying marriage – or forgoing it altogether – the share who have ever lived with an unmarried partner has been on the rise.

The post Marriage and Cohabitation in the U.S. appeared first on Pew Research Center.

Married adults are more satisfied in general with their relationship than are those who are living with a partner. And they express higher levels of satisfaction with several specific aspects of their relationship. In addition, those who are married are more likely than those who are cohabiting to say they have a great deal of […]

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The decision to get married or to move in with a partner is a personal one, but for most married and cohabiting adults, love and companionship trump other considerations, such as the desire to have children someday, convenience or finances. For a majority of those who are married – especially if they didn’t live with […]

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Most Americans find it acceptable for an unmarried couple to live together, even if they don’t plan to get married. A majority also says that married and cohabiting couples can raise children equally well. At the same time, the public still sees societal benefits in marriage, and many say marriage is important, though not necessarily […]

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The share of adults in the U.S. who are presently married remains far higher than the share cohabiting. However, an examination of their lifetime experiences, which captures past relationships as well as present ones, tells a different story: Among people ages 18 to 44, a larger share have cohabited at some point than have been […]

The post 1. The landscape of marriage and cohabitation in the U.S. appeared first on Pew Research Center.

Pew Research Center received invaluable advice in developing the questionnaire from Philip N. Cohen, Professor of Sociology at the University of Maryland; and Wendy D. Manning, Dr. Howard E. Aldrich and Penny Daum Aldrich Distinguished Professor of Sociology at Bowling Green State University. This report is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis […]

The post Acknowledgments appeared first on Pew Research Center.

The American Trends Panel survey methodology The American Trends Panel (ATP), created by Pew Research Center, is a nationally representative panel of randomly selected U.S. adults. Panelists participate via self-administered web surveys. Panelists who do not have internet access at home are provided with a tablet and wireless internet connection. The panel is being managed […]

The post Methodology appeared first on Pew Research Center.

By Aaron Earls

NASHVILLE, Tenn. — American Jews and African Americans often worked side by side during the civil rights movement, including when rabbis walked with Martin Luther King Jr. in the march to Selma in 1965.

In more recent years, however, the relationship has become more complicated due to conflicts between the nation of Israel and Palestinians and the resulting political responses from groups like Black Lives Matter.

A new study from LifeWay Research explored African Americans’ thoughts about Israel, Jews, religious identification, news consumption and other issues. On many of the issues related directly to Israel, African Americans frequently say they’re unsure what to think.

“Needed social reforms in the U.S. may have distracted African Americans’ attention from following challenges in Israel,” said Scott McConnell, executive director of LifeWay Research. “That hasn’t turned many African Americans against Israel but leaves many with honestly no opinion on matters of support, conflicts and even history.”

Thoughts on the nation of Israel

The study, sponsored by the Philos Project, found African Americans are more likely to say they carefully follow domestic policy (68%) than say the same about foreign policy (59%).

With Israel specifically, 42% of African Americans have a positive perception of the country. More than a quarter (27%) have a negative opinion. A third (32%) aren’t sure.

Three in 5 (61%) say a political candidate having pro-Israel policies would make them neither more nor less likely to vote for that candidate.

African Americans are divided on the amount of help the U.S. offers to Israel. While 3 in 10 say the U.S. is doing the right amount, 23% say it’s too much, 12% say it’s not enough, and 35% aren’t sure.

Half (52%) say they support Israel’s statehood, while 18% disagree. Three in 10 say they’re not sure.

Two in 5 African Americans (39%) say the international community denies basic recognition as a nation to Israel. A quarter disagree and 36% aren’t sure.

Among those who support Israel’s statehood, 71% say a reason they do so is because every nation has a right to exist, and 30% say it’s because Israel is the historic Jewish homeland.

Some African Americans point to religious reasons for their support: 28% say it’s because Jesus was a Jew, 25% say they support Israel’s statehood because it is important for fulfilling biblical prophecy, and 24% say the Bible says Christians should support Israel.

Another 24% say their support is influenced by Israel being the United States’ closest ally in an unstable region.

Still, other African Americans speak of Israel being a needed refuge for Jews after the Holocaust (15%) or the safest place for religious minorities in the Middle East (11%).

Civil rights connections

Many African Americans see historic connections between themselves and Jews during the civil rights movement. A significant number of African Americans also draw comparisons to their overcoming struggles as a people and that of the ancient Israelites.

Half of African Americans (49%) say Martin Luther King Jr. was a strong supporter of the Jewish people. Slightly fewer (42%) believe he was a strong supporter of Israel.

More than 2 in 5 (43%) say Jewish people in America were instrumental in the civil rights movement, while a quarter (23%) disagree.

Many African Americans say they think more positively about the nation of Israel because of the historic connections between the journey of their ethnicity and the journey of the Jews.

Around a quarter say their opinion of Israel has been positively influenced due to the historic parallels between the enslavement of Jews in ancient Egypt and blacks in America (27%) and due to the similarities between the two groups overcoming oppression: Jewish people in pursuing the promised land and African Americans pursing civil rights (26%).

Most (62%) say they are not familiar with the teachings of Black Hebrew Israelites, a group that contends black Americans are the physical descendants of the ancient Israelites. Few (4%) consider themselves to be a Black Hebrew Israelite.

Growing anti-Semitism?

More than a quarter of African Americans (28%) say they are seeing more black people they know express anti-Semitism than in the past.

Three in 10 African Americans (30%) agree with the subtle anti-Semitic phrase, “Jewish people have too much control of American finances.”

Around 1 in 5 (19%) believe Jewish people are blocking black progress in the United States.

When asked about a Louis Farrakhan quote claiming Jewish people have a “tremendous” influence in the U.S. government and as a result “black people in this country will never be free until they are free of that kind of control,” 41% of African Americans agree.

“While they may be unrelated, it is worth noting that at the same time the contributions of Jewish people in the civil rights movement have passed beyond the memory of the majority of African Americans, some are also seeing a rise in anti-Semitism,” said McConnell.

Media and faith influence opinions

African Americans say the news media (46%) has influenced their opinions about Israel. Several say the Bible (24%), friends and family (18%) and positions of elected officials (15%) have also influenced them. A quarter aren’t sure.

A third of African Americans (33%) say they have a Jewish friend.

When asked what has influenced them the most, African Americans are most likely to point to the media (34%) or the Bible (17%). Still, 26% aren’t sure.

Eight in 10 say they regularly get news from television. Around half turn to social media (48%) or websites (46%). Fewer point to the radio (37%), print media (29%) or news apps (27%) as a regular news source.

Still, African Americans aren’t convinced the news sources they follow are objective in their coverage of Israel. A quarter (26%) believe the reporting is objective. One in 10 believe the news is slanted against Israel, while 16% believe it is pro-Israel. Almost half (48%) aren’t sure.

Specific religious beliefs may also play into many African Americans’ support of Israel.

Two in 5 (41%) say the formation of modern Israel is a fulfillment of God’s covenant with the Jewish people.

More than 3 in 5 African Americans (62%) believe God’s promise of the land of Israel to Abraham and his descendants was for all time.

“No single source has influenced the majority of African American opinions on Israel,” said McConnell. “Media, faith and friends each influence some, but 1 in 4 aren’t sure of any influence.”

Divided over the Palestinian conflict

Seven in 10 African Americans say they sympathize equally with the hardships Israelis and Palestinians face.

Fifteen percent say they sympathize more with the Palestinians. The same number feel more connection to the Israelis. Those numbers are similar to a previous LifeWay Research study of the views of Hispanic Christians toward Israel.

Half of African Americans agree the state of Israel is regularly attacked with bombs and terrorist acts by Palestinians.

Close to half (46%) agree the Palestinian Authority denies basic recognition as a nation to Israel.

More than 2 in 5 African Americans (43%) say Israel denies the Palestinians’ basic human rights.

Around 2 in 5 African Americans (41%) believe the state of Israel has laws that discriminate against the Palestinian people. The same percentage (41%) say they aren’t sure.

Around a third (32%) believe Americans should boycott Israel over its treatment of Palestinians. Slightly more (38%) aren’t sure.

Most African Americans (70%) say they were unaware the platform of the Black Lives Matter movement accuses Israel of genocide and apartheid against the Palestinian people.

A third say that position does not change their support for the Black Lives Matter movement. Almost a quarter (23%) say it makes them more aligned with the movement, while 9% makes them less aligned. Twelve percent say it does not change their opposition to the Black Lives Matter movement.

Most African Americans (54%) say the platform doesn’t change their opinion of the Palestinians and Israel.

“African Americans see difficulties faced by both Palestinians and Israelis, and most are not taking one side on various aspects of the conflict,” said McConnell. “Yet 6 in 10 are concerned about the safety of Christians in areas controlled by the Palestinian authority.”

Aaron Earls is online editor of Facts & Trends and a writer for LifeWay Christian Resources.

Methodology:
The online survey of 1,019 African Americans was conducted March 22-April 2, 2019 by LifeWay Research. The study was sponsored by the Philos Project. Sample was obtained from a large national panel. Maximum quotas and slight weights were used for gender, region, age, education and religious group to reflect the African American population. The sample provides 95% confidence that the sampling error from the panel does not exceed plus or minus 3.6%. Margins of error are higher in sub-groups.

Download the research

Spaniards head to the polls on Sunday for Spain’s fourth election in as many years. The election comes as the Spanish public is especially pessimistic, harbors strong doubts about democracy, and is concerned about inequality, their children’s financial future and the availability of well-paying jobs. That said, overall sentiment about the economy has rebounded in […]

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Trump has evoked strong feelings as president – both positive and negative. How would you feel discussing him at a dinner party with a group of people who have opposing views from your own? In this interactive, see how your views compare with those of other Americans.

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