A majority of U.S. adults think religious leaders have high or very high ethical standards (65%). And among those who attend religious services at least a few times a year, an even larger share have similarly positive ratings about the ethical behavior of the clergy at their congregation (88%). The survey also finds that a […]

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Estimates presented in this report for Europe’s unauthorized immigrant population are for the size of this population residing in the European Union (all 28 countries, including the United Kingdom) and European Free Trade Association countries (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland), a total of 32 European nations. Estimates are presented for the end of each year, […]

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Five regions for the nationality of unauthorized immigrants are used in this report. They come from two different data sources: (1) labor force surveys and (2) asylum seeker data for those with pending decisions. A single asterisk (*) indicates a country or territory that appears in the country list of regions coded in labor force […]

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Ahlander, Johan and Mansoor Yosufzai. July 13, 2017. “Sweden intensifies crackdown on illegal immigrants.” Reuters. Albano, Alessandro, Veronica Corsini and Andrea Gereöffy. 2015. “Demographic statistics: A review of definitions and methods of collection in 44 European countries.” Annunziata, Marco. April 14, 2018. “Twenty years and nothing to show for it: Italy’s broken economic model.” Forbes. […]

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This report was written by Phillip Connor, Senior Researcher, and Jeffrey S. Passel, Senior Demographer. Editorial guidance was provided by Mark Hugo Lopez, Director of Global Migration and Demography Research; Neil G. Ruiz, Associate Director of Global Migration and Demography Research; James Bell, Vice President of Global Strategy; D’Vera Cohn, Senior Writer and Editor; and […]

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Unauthorized immigrants residing in Europe in 2017 were from a diverse set of origin countries, had lived in Europe for a relatively short period of time and were relatively young. More than half were male. Our estimates of characteristics of unauthorized immigrants in Europe do not cover the entire population because of data limitations, but […]

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While each of the 32 nations in the EU and EFTA had some unauthorized immigrants in 2017, the largest numbers were in Germany and the United Kingdom, amounting to about half of Europe’s total. Substantial shares also lived in Italy and France. Together, these four countries were home to more than two-thirds (70%) of Europe’s […]

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WASHINGTON, D.C. (Nov. 13, 2019) – At least 3.9 million unauthorized immigrants – and possibly as many as 4.8 million – lived in Europe in 2017, according to new Pew Research Center estimates. These totals are up from Center estimates for 2014, when between 3.0 million and 3.7 million unauthorized migrants resided in European nations, […]

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As more U.S. adults are delaying marriage – or forgoing it altogether – the share who have ever lived with an unmarried partner has been on the rise.

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Married adults are more satisfied in general with their relationship than are those who are living with a partner. And they express higher levels of satisfaction with several specific aspects of their relationship. In addition, those who are married are more likely than those who are cohabiting to say they have a great deal of […]

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The decision to get married or to move in with a partner is a personal one, but for most married and cohabiting adults, love and companionship trump other considerations, such as the desire to have children someday, convenience or finances. For a majority of those who are married – especially if they didn’t live with […]

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Most Americans find it acceptable for an unmarried couple to live together, even if they don’t plan to get married. A majority also says that married and cohabiting couples can raise children equally well. At the same time, the public still sees societal benefits in marriage, and many say marriage is important, though not necessarily […]

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The share of adults in the U.S. who are presently married remains far higher than the share cohabiting. However, an examination of their lifetime experiences, which captures past relationships as well as present ones, tells a different story: Among people ages 18 to 44, a larger share have cohabited at some point than have been […]

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Pew Research Center received invaluable advice in developing the questionnaire from Philip N. Cohen, Professor of Sociology at the University of Maryland; and Wendy D. Manning, Dr. Howard E. Aldrich and Penny Daum Aldrich Distinguished Professor of Sociology at Bowling Green State University. This report is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis […]

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The American Trends Panel survey methodology The American Trends Panel (ATP), created by Pew Research Center, is a nationally representative panel of randomly selected U.S. adults. Panelists participate via self-administered web surveys. Panelists who do not have internet access at home are provided with a tablet and wireless internet connection. The panel is being managed […]

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Spaniards head to the polls on Sunday for Spain’s fourth election in as many years. The election comes as the Spanish public is especially pessimistic, harbors strong doubts about democracy, and is concerned about inequality, their children’s financial future and the availability of well-paying jobs. That said, overall sentiment about the economy has rebounded in […]

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Trump has evoked strong feelings as president – both positive and negative. How would you feel discussing him at a dinner party with a group of people who have opposing views from your own? In this interactive, see how your views compare with those of other Americans.

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